Public law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Buddhist Education in Vietnam Free Essays

Practically 85% of the whole populace of Vietnam is Buddhist . The principle explanation behind this immense acknowledgment of Buddhism is its initial passageway in Vietnam. Buddhism entered Vietnam in the start of second century. We will compose a custom paper test on Buddhist Education in Vietnam or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now This was the Common Era and can be called as the primary period of the Buddhist instruction in Vietnam . The absolute first Buddhist instruction was given by a Taoist named Meou-Po, who later changed over to Buddhism . As indicated by numerous history specialists, even before this Taoist, some type of Buddhist instruction could be seen when the Chinese ministers came to Vietnam . The Chinese preachers came in Vietnam during the standard of Si-Nhiep. Afterward, two Indian priests likewise originated from India to Vietnam, so as to rehearse and lecture Buddhism. Mama Ha Ky Vuc and Khau Da La remained in Vietnam for quite a while, later Khau Da La left though Ma Ha Ky Vuc remained. Mama Ha Ky Vuc was an exceptionally strict man and used to quick for a few days. As per him this purged his body and soul. These two Buddhist priests initially came to Northern Vietnam, which was called as Giao-Chi around then. Mau-Bac, a Chinese Buddhist later came to Vietnam, so as to lecture his religion. Around then China was the focal point of a genuine political clash, henceforth numerous researchers so as to learn and lecture settled, came to Vietnam. This was a forward leap for the Buddhism. These were the primary individuals ever to acquire Buddhism in Vietnam. They were displaced people from China and Pilgrims from India. As time passed by Buddhism turned out to be increasingly acknowledged and most rehearsed religion in Vietnam. Start OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION A Hindu value, Gautama who didn't care for the possibility of Hindu station framework, was the author of Buddhism. Gautama didn't accept that any man could be better than the other and as Hinduism Brahmans are viewed as predominant, he left this religion . Gautama had spent numerous years meandering and contemplating. At long last he discovered responses to every one of his inquiries and thus found the way of edification, â€Å"nirvana†. As indicated by Buddhism, nirvana is the way to perpetual peacefulness. It is liberated from the pattern of birth, passing and resurrection. In addition, an individual will accomplish salvation on the off chance that he has faith in the four honorable realities. These four respectable certainties are that a man endures in the entirety of his back to back lives; the purpose behind his sufferings is his needs for natural things, when the individual liberates himself from all the needs of natural things he at that point accomplishes redemption. The last respectable truth says that an individual can accomplish liberation by following the eightfold honorable way . So how did Buddhism really spread? During the time Si-Nhiep controlled Giao-Chi, it was considered as a protected spot. Mau-Bac came to Vietnam searching for harmony and quietness. Subsequent to coming to Vietnam, he considered Buddhism from an Indian priest named Ksudra . Mama Ha Ky Vuc who likewise came to Vietnam got along with Mau-Bac and began lecturing their religion. Ksudra likewise began helping them, thus individuals in Vietnam, who never comprehended what Buddhism was, began learning and tolerating it. These were the absolute first individuals to begin lecturing and instructing Buddhism. Their educating is the early type of lessons found in Vietnam. After these, numerous Buddhist priests came to Vietnam. Khang Tang Hoi and Cuong Luong Lau were two priests who had a ton of effect. They made an interpretation of numerous Buddhist books into Chinese. As Vietnamese culture around then was impacted a great deal by Chinese and Chinese was the official language utilized , thus deciphering these books had a ton of effect to individuals who couldn't peruse or compose different dialects . Periods OF VIETNAMESE BUDDHISM The historical backdrop of Buddhist instruction in Vietnam can be concentrated by partitioning it into four separate stages or periods. †The development of Buddhism in Vietnam. This began from the BC and endured till the finish of Chinese domain †Climax of Buddhism. Buddhism was at its top during the freedom †The debauchery after the Le Dynasty †Revival period. This began in the start of the twentieth century and has not finished at this point. The period before the Common Era establishes the framework for the start and improvement of Buddhist training in Vietnam. It was when Siddhartha Gautama, who will later accomplish edification and will be called as ‘Buddha’ was conceived. As he was conceived in India, Indians were the first to learn Buddhism. Later when Buddhism came to China, numerous Chinese priests went to Vietnam so as to spread Buddhism. Nonetheless, it accepted that the Chinese and Indian vendors came to Vietnam for exchanging. They carried priests with them saying that the priests were the â€Å"calmer of the sea† These priests began lecturing their religion in Vietnam. It was simple for them to show their religion to numerous individuals one after another, as Luy-Lau, later known as Ha-Bac was the focal point of all exchanging exercises. All the vendors who came here to exchange, and dealers who were going among India and China, halted here to rest, along these lines, priests had the option to spread their religion without any problem. Numerous preacher exercises were begun accordingly. Religious communities were constructed and Buddhism got significant. This was the first run through ever throughout the entire existence of Vietnam, that religious communities were fabricated . The following time frame or stage end up being best for Vietnamese Buddhism. In this period Buddhist investigations were at their pinnacle and numerous renowned individuals and rulers changed over to this religion. It was when King Dinh Tien Hoang came in to control. Buddhism has its own chain of importance of priests and ministers who were acknowledged by the court. Buddhism was currently bolstered by the imperial court and this helped numerous positive changes to happen. Buddhists were currently regarded and were considered as educated individuals. They were asked counsel by the regal court and the rulers before taking choices. This helped them engage in numerous political and strict choices and henceforth giving numerous choices to be taken by them. This time genuinely end up being the best for Buddhist investigations and it got one of the most overwhelming religions. After this, numerous rulers and sovereigns changed over to Buddhism. Numerous laws came into training in this time, which were impacted by Buddhism, and consequently were agreeable to the Buddhists. Van Hanh turned into a Buddhist in this period. He is known as the reflection ace and has impacted numerous individuals to change over to Buddhism. Any ruler who was not Buddhists was at any rate the supporter of Buddhism and this was an extremely positive point for the Buddhists. In 1010 A. D, right around eight religious communities were worked in Ha Bac. Every single other religious community and Buddhist sanctuaries were additionally fixed. Tripitaka writings, which were in China at first, were acquired Vietnam. A huge number of Buddha sculptures and works of art were made and set up. Celebrations were set up. Numerous new cloisters, for example, Sung Kharh religious community and cloister at Mount Ba were assembled. In 1086 A. d Dai Lam religious community was worked in Ha Bac. Later in 1118 A. D Thien Phat was constructed which had very nearly 1,000 Buddha sculptures . BUDDHIST STUDIES The whole Buddhist training originates from the investigations of Buddha, who is the preeminent instructor. The entirety of the investigations root from saddha, which is the confidence in triple Gem. Depdnding upon these examinations the understudies are instructed by the five guidelines. The understudies should know the principles, their explanation and their machine in day by day lives. In particular, they ought to value every one of these principles and put stock in them. The understudies should recognize what is liberality and altruism. These are fundamental components that help the understudies defeat their common wants, their self-centeredness and avarice. These five good principles are subject to one another. An understudy can pick up by suta, which is by broad perusing of Buddhism writings. As per Buddhist investigations the information on an individual is subject to his inside conviction of truth I. e. Dhamma. Quiet and knowledge are the two principle components of any Buddhist educating. In Buddhist training errands and intelligence are subject to one another. An understudy can achieve insight by profound examination, conversation and knowledge. This intelligence was the fundamental instruments which lead Buddha to salvation. This insight is the crown of all trainings of Buddhism. Without intelligence, training is deficient. Prior to French, individuals were picked dependent on their instruction. These were authorities known as â€Å"mandarins†. Learning was significant in those occasions. It was instruction as well as it lead an individual to scholarly understanding, social standing, riches and influence. Buddhism came straightforwardly from India, thus there are numerous words in Vietnamese Buddhism which are affected or are taken legitimately from India. The word Buddha is additionally taken all things considered. Be that as it may, as the Vietnamese culture is affected a ton from the Chinese, thus when Chinese priests came to Vietnam, the word Buddha was supplanted by the word Phat. Back then, Buddhism in Vietnam was impacted by Theravada Buddhism. It was viewed as religion which helped great individuals and rebuffed the terrible. It was hard to show Buddhism around then as almost no writing was accessible. Vietnamese had no composed content; thus a couple of interpretations were made in Chinese. The period somewhere in the range of 544 and 602 was a free time and was useful in spreading Buddhism Instructions to refer to Buddhist Education in Vietnam, Papers

Athens of the north Free Essays

string(78) improvements abdominal muscle initio went in front in the nations South of the old town. â€Å" Auld Reekie † and â€Å" Athens of the North † : delineate how the originators of Edinburgh from the mid eighteenth century to the mid nineteenth endeavored to relate ( genuinely and outwardly ) the Old Town and the New Town. The monikers â€Å" Auld Reekie † and â€Å" Athens of the North † are images of two extremely various occasions during Edinburgh ‘s Past and of two each piece differentiating nations in its cityscape. Prior to the eighteenth century, Edinburgh comprised of the nation currently known as the old town. We will compose a custom article test on Athens of the north or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now This involved a stupidly populated state riding the tail of the antediluvian volcanic plug that is manor stone. Conditionss in this nation were packed and every now and again sickening. This was the outcome of 100s of mature ages of silly conclusions and complete lack of town arranging and sanitation. â€Å" Auld † deciphers straight as â€Å" Old † and â€Å" Reekie † alludes to the smoky condition brought about by the high centralization of fireplaces, however adjacent to suggestions at the rankness. As such, I feel that the moniker â€Å" Auld Reekie † indicates everything that the old town spoke to during this clasp. In a similar way I feel that â€Å" Athens of the North † speaks to the expectation and desires of the Scots illumination showed in the New Town. In my exposition I will embody how and why Edinburgh created from â€Å" Auld Reekie † to the â€Å" Athens of the North † and talk how the planners during this period endeav ored to connect both outwardly and genuinely the Old and New Town. The â€Å" Scots Enlightenment † alludes to a very persuasive time of Scots History during the eighteenth century. It was a clasp when Scotland exceeded expectations as a state explicitly in the field of academe and logical control. This included principle, financial sciences, innovation, design, clinical claim to fame, geography, antiquarianism, law, agribusiness, synthetic science, and humanism. Potentially the best indicant of the immensity of the accomplishment at the clasp was the education degrees. By 1750, Scots were among the most proficient residents of Europe, with an expected 75 % level of education. Despite the fact that the specific ground for this solid levelheaded designed development is non entirely clear, it is extremely much connected with an intently weave gathering of Scots employees and patrons. This included Francis Hutcheson, Alexander Campbell, David Hume, Adam Smith, Thomas Reid, Robert Burns, Adam Ferguson, Robert Adam, John Playfair, Joseph Black and James Hutton. A significant number of them were situated in Edinburgh at the University and met and talked about their considerations all the time in a cultural setting. It is this coaction, not at all like their European coevalss that is supposed to be the cardinal their prosperity. As an image of this achievement Edinburgh was stomach muscle initio alluded to as the â€Å" Athens of the North † in notice to the scholarly accomplishment rather than design highlights of Athens. During the principal half of the eighteenth century, unmistakably Edinburgh had become no lucifer to its reciprocals South of the limit line. To a considerable lot of its residents, exceptionally to its blue bloods and concern individuals it had become a shame to Scotland, especially in position of the edification. As Robert Chambers portrays it, it had become: â€Å" a restricted, foul, common town † or then again in John Taylor ‘s words â€Å" makes this state so much despis ‘d by the English † There were numerous employments with the town yet conceivably the most pressing issue was that of sewerage removal. Due an inadequacy sanitation, the occupants of the old town had got acquainted with the medieval arrangement of throwing there squander out of the Windowss and into the troughs and side boulevards. Up until this point, it had been a relatively good arrangement as apartment squares were limited in stature and the wet clime of Scotland simply washed away the sewerage down the precarious slopes. As the structures got higher because of a higher populace thickness, the issue became condo as waste started hitting the dividers of next buildings and most scandalously more terrible, set bringing down on walkers. This was non a vocation in delineations of English metropoliss at the clasp so it is non difficult to perceive any reason why a few Scots would hold been embarrassed about their state ‘s capital. Regardless of this, orchestrating to Charles McKean, it is a typical misguided judgment that the occupants of Edinburgh during this clasp were hopeless for the improvement of another town. In his progress Twining metropoliss: modernization versus advancement in the town of Edinburgh he contends that the assurance to develop the new town originated from a more mind boggling political docket rather than a typical sentiment of disappointment towards the old town. It appears that there were two recognizable feelings, one was to better the old town, and the other was to develop another one. McKean stresses that our discernment of the status of the old town originates from content composed by the individuals who were for the structure of the new town and there for could be incorrect. In spite of this, the cardinal point is that Edinburgh was popular for change. Some portion of Edinburgh ‘s demise can be credited to pretermit by the experts in England going back to the arrangement of the fellowship in 1603. It appears that as the influence moved from Edinburgh to London, so did a significant part of the riches and as an outcome the monetary arrangement of Edinburgh endured incredibly during this clasp. By the mid eighteenth century the situation was awful to such an extent that the chamber spoke to the King George to rescue Edinburgh from its lessening. In the wake of having no reaction the chamber endeavored to make a move towards the disintegration of the Union, by and by they were fruitless as they needed financial help. Regardless of this, Edinburgh at long last picked up from the Union. During Georgian occasions numerous projects went in front to better the old town. These incorporated the tidying up of the old town and the redevelopment of a large number of its structures. Because of Edinburgh ‘s alone geology, improvement of the old town was truly confined, especially toward the North. As a result, new improvements abdominal muscle initio went in front in the nations South of the old town. You read Athens of the north in classification Article models This comprised mainly of the neo-old style improvement of Bearfords Park comprising what is presently George square and the Design of the New College by Robert Adam. The finishing up intention in the advancement of the new town toward the North came when Edinburgh was compelled into thwarting its first class from traveling to London. As Charles McKean puts it â€Å" Since Edinburgh expected to hold ‘people of rank and of a specific karma ‘ , it required a blue suburb altogether for them † The First and most evident physical nexus between the Old Town and New Town accompanied the structure of the north range somewhere in the range of 1769 and 1772. This was built after the assurance had been made to build the new town toward the North. Building a range over the Nor Loch vale had been on the cards for longer than a century however it was non until the committee gotten specialists support for the improvement of the new town that plans went in front. The range crossed the vale of the Nor Loch and for the principal cut, permitted course to the old town from the North. Similarly great as facilitating the structure of the new town by providing a basic nexus, it other than made a more straightforward way to the port of Leith which improved exchanging the old town. The first range was built from rock and included three essential curves. Only after its fruition the range fallen because of auxiliary needs executing 5 individuals. The activity was brought about by mature ages of soil develop from old town diggings which made large slopes of â€Å" voyaged Earth † along the bank of the old town ridge. The applied researchers had thought little of the profundity of this free earth which at last prompted the calamity. By 1772 it was reproduced with progressively huge establishments. In coalition with the north range is the south range. This was finished along these lines in 1788 and spread over the each piece easy to refute gloom of the Cowgate toward the South. Worked from rock and comprising of 22 curves, the range was built primarily so as to connect the high road with the college however close to let for course to the spread trip advancements toward the South. Combined with the north range, this amazingly underestimated viaduct connected the new town reasonably to the instructive chest of the old town. Despite the fact that there were numerous others included, the plan for the new town is credited to the youthful fashioner James Craig. In the same way as other of the individuals engaged with the develop for another town and in evident soul of the illumination, Craig was a solid truster in the fraternity. This unionist docket was reflected actually truly in his underlying proposition which in program framed a fellowship doodly-squat. This vision was along these lines dropped because of a mix of it non being conceivable to construct ( in view of the edges which it made ) and a general sentiment of open disapproval towards its imagery. Ensuing adjustments were made to the program and in 1767 the program that we realize today was concluded. From above, Craig made arranged visual connections with the old town. The first and generally critical of these is the collusion of the new town. The program contains three boss boulevards ; Queens St, George St and Princess St. These were adjusted corresponding to the imperial detail mi and in making so made an undeniable connection between the old and new town. The lanes are other than about a detail mi long and incorporate a square at eith

EU Economy Issues and Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EU Economy Issues and Policies - Essay Example boat and they include: Macedonia, Iceland, Serbia, Turkey and Montenegro and have likewise begun dealings for participation with the exception of Macedonia (Archick, 2005 p.255). Different nations that have consented to Stabilizations and Association Arrangements (SAA) with the European Union incorporate; Western Balkans, Bosnia, Albania and Herzegovina. This understanding is an essential for housing enrollment applications therefore are viewed as potential up-and-comers. Numerous experts have contended that the South-eastern extension of the European Union isn't just a test for the European Union, yet in addition for the part states and competitors also. As indicated by Nuroglu and Kurtagiä‡ (2012 p.42), this sort of broadening with up-and-comers just as potential up-and-comers is assessed to expand the quantity of populace by 19%, the European Union region by 25%, and indisputably the GDP by 5% (Nuroglu and Kurtagiä‡, 2012 p.42). Despite the fact that the increase time isn't known at this point, the European commission is thinking about beginning with the initial three candidates: Montenegro, Croatia and Iceland (Nuroglu and Kurtagiä‡, 2012 p.43). It is anyway imperative to take note of that the GDP pay for the nations are multiple times underneath 27 part EU normal (Nuroglu and Kurtagiä‡, 2012 p.43). This structures the premise of doubters contention and question that â€Å"why extend the EU by any means? (Nuroglu and Kurtagiä‡, 201 2 p.43). The accompanying conversation investigates these issues into subtleties and layouts the convincing financial contentions on the side of European Union growth. Advocates of European Union expansion contend that such fruitful promotion would gather a ton of advantages not exclusively to the individuals from the association yet in addition to the individual residents. Be that as it may, some financial investigators have contrasted with this purpose of contention expressing that such extension would not profit the European Union however the new individuals because of their little size economy and populace. The fundamental monetary contentions for additional augmentation of the European Union are

Should You Go to Work When Youre Sick

Should You Go to Work When You’re Sick There comes a time in everyones life when they get sick not being able to move out of bed let alone go to work.With all the stress and responsibilities of our day-to-day life, it’s hard to imagine not having those days when we question our strength to go to our workplace.Even if we work at home, if we are not feeling good we won’t be able to perform our very best, and having our laptop in our bed the whole day wont give us the proper rest we need in order to overcome the illness we are having.There are many different factors to consider when you’re thinking about going to work when you’re feeling sick, and rather just listing them, we will explain them one by one in order for you to determine if you can go to work or get some days off.WHY DO SOME PEOPLE GO TO WORK WHEN THEYRE SICK?It’s not an easy question to answer, because some people are workaholics and think that if they miss a day at the office that their whole career comes into question.Others think if they come loade d with tissues and tea disguised as coffee in a thermos that others won’t notice they’re sick at work.The truth is that while you can try to hide that you’re sick as much as you want, but all the coughing and sneezing will blow your cover right away and neither your colleagues nor your boss will be delighted that you’ve decided to come to work in such state of health.This is really dangerous as others might get sick as well.Other people dont even have an option when coming sick to work because some companies or employers dont offer sick leave and people who dont have a job alternative are simply forced to work while theyre struggling with a flu or a cold.Being in such an unhealthy environment where you are stripped away from your rights to have a few days off until you recover is a nightmare not many people can endure in the long run and can even have even worse health consequences.Studies have shown that about four in every ten Americans go to work when theyre sick because they fear that they might lose their job and at least one-quarter of them admit to coming sick so that they dont seem like they are weak and cant handle a common cold.This doesn’t make any sense because it’s natural to feel weak when having a cold and doing anything else other than resting isn’t going to help you get better anytime soon.What’s even shocking is that this serves as evidence to prove how many people are actually workaholics and take their careers more seriously than they actually should.THREE REASONS WHY YOU SHOULDNT GO TO WORK WHEN YOURE SICK1. You’ll Just Prolong Your SicknessWhen you feel terrible and have a hard time getting out of bed let alone coming to work the last thing you need is a desk where you sit for hours and hours waiting for the shift to be over and coming home exhausted and feeling even worse.Because of that, you should try to stay away from any stressful activities such as paperwork and dealing with deadlines because the more stressed you are the less your body will be able to cope with the cold or the flu you’re experiencing.There is no reason to torture yourself, in the end, were humans, not machines and even machines can malfunction and not get the job done, so relax.2. You’ll Just Make More Mistakes Than UsualThink about it, if you feel sick, all you can think about is how to get better and you wont be focused on your work as you would when youre in perfect health and mistakes are inevitable.Your boss isnt going to be pleased with you going to work sick let alone not being able to perform your very best which will all result in you getting penalized or even fired.The same goes if youre working at home because its not possible to be focused on your work when youre in bed the whole day.Instead of being focused on work you should focus on how to get well soon so you can continue where you left.3. Your Colleagues Will Hate YouNo one wants to be near a person who sneezes and coughs all the time, it’s basic human s sense after all, let alone work with that kind of person who has no disregard for the health of others.Knowing that dont expect any compassion from your colleagues and please dont be that person who complains how your boss doesnt let you have sick leave.Also, the office is a perfect place for a disease to spread as most offices are poorly ventilated which means there is a high chance you can get someone else sick too, maybe even start an epidemic at your work which will surely make your boss angry and then youll have no job to come back to.The only good thing if that is to happen is that at least youll get proper rest.If you work in such a place where sick leave is not an option then you should quit as soon as possible and let others who can deal with the stress of that kind of job work in peace.I’m sorry to say that there are thousands of such jobs and cases but some people don’t have another option other than to work and hope for the best. WHAT TO DO IF YOU MUST GO TO WORK W HEN YOU ARE SICKIf you absolutely must go to work feeling like youre going to die on your way over there then you need to be properly prepared in order to make it through the day.Maybe its an important meeting you have to attend or you have a stack of paperwork which is due tomorrow either way, you must figure out a strategy how to not collapse on your desk and end up in the hospital.Some of the strategies you can try are:Taking medicine â€" Im not really a fan of medicine altogether but if you really have to go to work when sick go to your local drugstore and buy something for your condition which will help you at least not pass out. Of course, its always better to stay at home and have proper rest, but you got to do what you got to do.Get cozy and drink lots of tea beforehand â€" Grab a nice warm sweater and warm clothes and drink tea instead of coffee before you go to work and hope for the best. Just know if you have a temperature then those warm clothes will just make you overhe at and you’ll just make the problem even worse.Avoid cigarettes and alcohol â€" Cigarettes and alcohol are bad for your health anyways let alone when you’re sick but if you already have these bad habits they are the last thing your body needs when it’s fighting off an illness. As far as coffee is concerned, you should avoid drinking it in high amounts as well as caffeine just raises your blood pressure and can even cause insomnia and your body is eager to have a good night sleep.Don’t come in contact with anyone â€" You should let everyone in your workplace that you’re sick so they know not to be near you so they don’t get sick as well.Quit your job â€" I know I’m repeating myself but for your own sake if you see that your job isn’t making you happy let alone giving you the opportunity to get better when you don’t feel so good then you should consider a different career path. There is nothing worth it of your health being jeopardized for a job you don’t even like that much.These tips are just to help you go through that important meeting, but you should still call your boss to let him know that youre sick and see if he cuts you some slack and lets you spend the day off work.If not then Im afraid to tell you, but you have a terrible boss.WHAT IF YOU WORK FROM HOMEWorking from home doesn’t mean that you are in a better position than someone who has to come to the office every day, because no matter what your job is you need to be in good health in order to accomplish all the tasks you’re given.Being sick when you work at home is however better than needing to beg your boss for a sick leave but it has it’s downsides too.Simply knowing that you have a lot of work waiting for you at your desk and actually seeing your desk from your bed is a nightmare people who work from their home know best.Not being able to get out of bed let alone sit in your chair across the room is agitating and surely causes a feeling of dread.Also working from home in some cases means that you have clients who expect work done by a certain deadline and there is no way to call them and tell them that you’re sick and can’t finish it in time meaning that you can potentially damage your career and reputation.Of course, you can place your laptop on your lap while in bed but being in that position for hours will hurt your neck and back making your problem worse than it was.If you really have work to do, I would suggest you work as much as you can, little by little, and avoid having the need to be sitting in front of your computer while sick.The good thing about working at home is that once you get better you can immediately continue working and try to finish where you left your work at before the deadline is due and also not having to call your boss and hearing his disappointed voice is an advantage as well.WHAT TO DO TO RECOVER QUICKLYThere is no magic spell to make you feel better instantly but knowing what you need to do in order to recover a s soon as possible will surely save you some valuable time.The thing is that you cant determine how long the flu can last but you need to do everything in your power to get well soon enough.If its a common cold or the flu, stay at home and get proper rest, drink lots of tea and eat a healthy diet containing fruits and vegetables which have all the beneficial vitamins and minerals your body desperately needs in order to fight off the illness.A bowl of nice homemade chicken soup is also a great idea as the soup is great for dealing with a clogged nose and a sore throat.Avoid physical activity but you should try and walk around the house a little so you don’t get sore muscles from laying in bed all day.Also, remember to be cozy and warm because if you’re exposed to low temperatures your body won’t be able to cope with the cold if you spend your time in a cold room.If you’re still feeling sick even though you’re sick leave is about to end then try to consult your boss in order to figure out what to do and see if he will let you have a day or two more off.If not I’m sorry to say but you have to go to work, just try to have the least amount of contact with others. DONT AVOID THE DOCTORKnowing why you’re not feeling good and visiting a doctor to get a detailed examination and evaluation of your health is important before you even consider doing anything and not just going to work.I would advise you to go to a doctor whenever you have time and as quickly as possible so you can get proper treatment in time and get better that much quicker.Dont think that coughing, runny nose, and high temperature are signs of the flu or common cold, you should go to a doctors appointment regardless.Often times those symptoms can be linked to other illnesses or diseases, which arent as treatable as the common cold.If youve started to feel sick at your job, go to a doctor after work or first thing in the morning and get a proper check-up to see what youre dealing with.If it s just the flu you will get better in three days or a week with proper rest, but if not, you should consider getting a prolonged sick leave because illnesses which pose a serious threat to your health are no laughing matter.BE PREPARED FOR ITThe flu season is unpredictable but if you hear in the news that it’s on the run you should know how to protect yourself from getting sick in the first place.Don’t come into contact with anyone who you see is coughing or sneezing, wash your hands as often as possible and basically become a germaphobe.Also, people don’t think about this but when you’re in your twenties you’re still young and vital and rarely get sick but once you get into your thirties, forties and even fifties there is a greater chance that you can get sick   so it’s not a bad idea to know how your body reacts as you age.What I’m trying to say is that no matter how cold or hot it is you should be properly dressed for a certain type of weather in order to prevent ca tching a cold.If it’s going to rain bring an umbrella because being wet in combination with wind will surely result in you getting sick by the time you even reach your workplace.If you take these simple precautions you’ll have a far less chance to get sick and won’t need to worry about all the difficulties of coming to the office with a runny nose and a pocket full of tissues.It’s not something you can really control but at least you should try to prevent it and preserve your health.WHAT IF YOU GET SICK OF YOUR JOBThere is no medicine, doctor or treatment known to man that can cure your dead-end job where you feel lousy and underpaid let alone make you love it and stay there for the rest of your career.That’s why you need to know what you’re getting yourself into before you accept any kind of job.No job is fun and easy to do, thats why they are called jobs, otherwise, they would be called hobbies, but that doesnt mean that you should get sick from simply coming to work.L ets be real, there are jobs like mining where the miners get all kinds of lung diseases because they breathe in dust constantly and it is a hard job to do, but some people have no other choice.Every company should have regulations which concern a workers health and what happens when a worker gets sick or possibly injured, but sadly not all companies have such regulations and some that do don’t respect the rights of their workers.From how a company or employer treats its employees to what are your basic rights as a worker, you should know how it all works and which benefits you have in order not to get yourself involved in a job that makes you not want to go there at all. It’s tough to find an ideal job but at least get one which won’t send you to the hospital.Not to talk about how many stressful jobs actually cause illnesses related to stress because as we all know stress can be the trigger of many health conditions.Some people never experience stress either because they love their job or just handle pressure very well, for others, its a death sentence.IT ALL COMES DOWN TO YOUR BOSSYour boss should be considerate when he or she sees that you’re sick and give you a few days of sick leave because it’s better for you to have proper rest and then come back feeling much better and eager to finish the work you have left then to slack off and potentially make others sick in the process.No boss should even allow his worker to step into the office when they’re sick so be sure to call your boss before you head off to work to avoid an awkward situation which might get your boss agitated.Its true that not all bosses act like this and have an understanding of their workers basic needs but a rational and smart employer will never let any employee come to the office loaded with tissues and with a runny nose drooling and coughing at his or her desk.You should take this into consideration next time you apply for a job in order to prevent those kinds of situations w here you’re basically forced to work when you’re sick because as we said with more stress your health can get even worse.FINAL WORDTo summarize, avoid going to work when youre sick if you dont have to and instead try to get sick leave and rest at home until you get better.If you must go to work because of an important event you should try to come and get rest after.There are plenty of reasons not to go to work when sick but some people choose to do it regardless of all that, you certainly dont want to be the person who contaminated the whole office just because you thought the deadline is more important than yours and other peoples health.Lastly, it’s not worth it, you’re just making yourself feel even worse, not doing your job properly and could even cause others to get sick as well.Knowing this, you should stay at home, get cozy and get a good night sleep.

Disgust, Lust, and Beasts with Breasts The Portrayal of Females in Early Modern Literature - Literature Essay Samples

The literature of the English Renaissance demonstrates a remarkable range of attitudes towards women. While there are significant proclamations of chivalric attitudes towards women such as Walter Raleighs devotion to Queen Elizabeth I, nearly divine descriptions of love and fidelity such as John Donnes poetry, and even rails against negative portrayals of women such as Rachel Speghts â€Å"A Muzzle for Melastomus† much of the literature is steeped in warped attitudes that border on misogyny. Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene, Christopher Marlowes The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, and John Miltons Paradise Lost tend to equate women with sin, evil, and lust and portray such attitudes by presenting monstrous entities and beasts as female. While acknowledging that Early Modern England was a patriarchal society, it is perhaps simplistic to say that the portrayal of women as monsters, beasts, and devils is based on misogyny grown out of such a society. As critic Tim Reinke-Wi lliams observes, â€Å"equating misogyny with patriarchy is misleading, not least because the latter term carries such diffuse meanings† (325). There are other possible explanations for the anti-female bent present in Early Modern Literature. In â€Å"The Devils Gateway: Womens Bodies and the Earthly Paradise† Page Ann Du Bois points out that the attitudes towards women â€Å"drawson a long tradition of Biblical, classical, and medieval misogyny† (Du Bois 45). Du Bois also posits that some of the distaste shown for women in Early Modern Literature is premised on the concern for womens supposed ability to change their forms through witchcraft. â€Å"Fear of womens power increased in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries† (Du Bois 44) partly due to an increase in â€Å"witch-hunting [and] the wide-spread belief in witches, even among scholars† (Du Bois 44). It is also possible that Henry VIIIs penchant to behead wives for his own personal reasons promoted the â€Å"disposability† of women. The long and fairly successful reign of Queen Elizabeth I, particularly as an unmarried woman, may have created fear about mans place in the world. The shifting religious environment may have also played a role as the push-pull of Catholicism and Protestantism may have underscored the role Eve played in original sin and called into question the venerated and non-venerated role of Mary as the mother of Christ. Spensers The Faerie Queene presents some horrible beasts as female. The first foe that Redcrosse meets is the dragon Errours. Errours is â€Å"Halfe a serpent halfe womans shape lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.† (Spenser 1.1.14). The text goes on to describe her as over-breeding with â€Å"A thousand yong ones† (1.1.15) and with a corruption of female anatomy. Her breasts are described as â€Å"poisonous dugs, each one / Of sundry shapes, yet all ill favored† (1.1.15). The unveiling of Fi dessa to reveal Duessa involves â€Å"strip[ping] her naked† (1.8.46). Her unveiling reveals her to be â€Å"a loathly, wrinckled hag, ill fauoured, old, bald. overgrowne with scurfe and filthy scaldwrizled [and] scabby† (1.8.47). Again Spenser describes her as having corrupt female anatomy that would be â€Å"loathd [by] all womankind† (1.8.47). Her breasts are â€Å"dried dugs, like bladders lacking wind [that] Hong downe† (1.8.47) and leak â€Å"filthy matter† (1.8.47). Her genitalia is called â€Å"Her neather parts [and are] misshapen, monstrous (1.2.41). She is also noted as being part animal having a tail of a fox and mismatched feet of an eagle and a bear. Some versions of Christopher Marlows The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus include a scene where Lucifer shows Faustus the Seven Deadly Sins. Intriguingly only one of the Seven Deadly Sins is identified by gender. The one exception is Lechery who is female even as Doctor Faustus addres ses her as â€Å"Mistress Minx† (Marlowe 5.324). In keeping with her identity, Lechery describes herself as â€Å"one that loves an inch of raw mutton better than an ell of fried stock-fish† (5.325-27) saying that she prefers sex to food. Later, when Faustus asks for a wife, Mephistopheles brings in â€Å"a devil dressed like a woman† (5.145). Faustus is disgusted, however, and says, â€Å"A plague on her for a hot whore†(5.147) still referring to the false woman as a â€Å"her† when it might be more appropriate to call the devil an â€Å"it†. John Miltons Paradise Lost also includes beasts as female while tying them to sin, evil, and lust. Lucifer, coming upon the gates of Hell, encounters a creature acting as gatekeeper. The creature is described as â€Å"one [that] seemed woman to the waist, and fair, But ended foul in many a scaly fold, Voluminous and vast—a serpent armed† (Milton 2.650-52). Like Spensers Errours, this be ast also has a problem with over-breeding as her young are numerous â€Å"hellhounds† (2.654). The female beast is named Sin. Although Lucifer claims to be unfamiliar with Sin and calls the sight of her â€Å"detestable† (2.745), he is apparently her father. Lucifer had raped his own daughter, Sin, and she bears a child named Death, who also repeatedly rapes her. Also disturbing is Sins desire to rule with Lucifer, despite the rape and ensuing consequences, as his â€Å"daughter and darling† (2.870). It is interesting to note that two of the three works discussed here, The Faerie Queene and Paradise Lost, have beasts that are described as part serpent. The serpent is traditionally a metaphor for the devil based on the biblical story of Genesis when the Devil takes the form of a serpent to convince Eve to eat from the Tree of Knowledge (King James Bible, Gen. 3.3). Indeed, the story of Genesis as retold in Paradise Lost, also has Lucifer in the form of a Serpent. In describing Errours and Sin as half serpent, the â€Å"women† are not only monsters they are also half-devil. Granted, the works discussed here are rife with allegory, symbolism, and metaphor and each layer of meaning has different implications. The portrayal of women in perverted form is often part of a greater allusion or metaphor. In â€Å"Fleshly Embodiments: Early Modern Monsters, Victorian Freaks, and Twentieth-Century Affective Spectatorship† Sarah Orning suggests that â€Å"individual monstrous bodies [allude] to unbalanced, corrupt state bodies [and that] one monstrous body [alludes to] the sins of the state and its religious affiliations† (Orning 36). But at some point one must see the words for what they are, and the words identify sin and lust as monsters and, often, those monsters are female.There are, as mentioned earlier, works of Early Modern Literature that portray women, at least certain women, with esteem and sensitivity. There are also ot hers that portray women as lecherous and conniving or useless and mindless without making them monsters. A modern reader can at least chuckle over remarks that bemoan the lustful nature of women a complaint so completely opposite to those of modern American men. While this essay is fairly narrow in its examination of only three works, a perusal of summaries of other works of the era reveals that these cases are not isolated in their depiction of women as beasts with breasts. Making women out to be monsters, devils, or the embodiment of sin makes women not only inferior, but worthy of disrespect and abuse. The presentation of such misogynistic ideas in Early Modern literature may have built the base for chauvinism that took centuries to overcome. Works CitedDu Bois, Page Ann. â€Å"The Devils Gateway: Womens Bodies and the Earthly Paradise.† Womens Studies 7.3 (1980): 43. Historical Abstracts. Web. 4 Mar. 2013.King James Bible. BibleGateway.com.Marlowe, Christopher. The Tragic al History of Doctor Faustus. The Norton Anthology: English Literature: The Sixteenth Century/ The Early Seventeenth Century. 9th ed. Vol. B. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: Norton, 2012. 777-984. Print. Milton, John. Paradise Lost. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. The Norton Anthology: English Literature: The Sixteenth Century/ The Early Seventeenth Century. 9th ed. Vol. B. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: Norton, 2012. 1128-1165. Print. Orning, Sarah. Fleshly Embodiments: Early Modern Monsters, Victorian Freaks, and Twentieth-Century Affective Spectatorship. (2012): OAIster. Web. 5 Mar. 2013.Reinke-Williams, Tim. â€Å"Misogyny, Jest-Books and Male Youth Culture in Seventeenth-Century England.† Gender History 21.2 (2009): 324-339. Academic Search Complete. Web. 5 Mar. 2013.Speght, Rachel. â€Å"A Muzzle for Melastomus.† The Norton Anthology: English Literature: The Sixteenth Century/ The Early Seventeenth Century. 9th ed. Vol. B. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. N ew York: Norton, 2012. 1652-1654. Print.Spenser, Edmund. The Faerie Queene. The Norton Anthology: English Literature: The Sixteenth Century/ The Early Seventeenth Century. 9th ed. Vol. B. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: Norton, 2012. 1945- 2175. Print.

Discuss The Importance Of Oracles To Oedipus Rex - 1620 Words

1. Discuss the importance of oracles to the ancient Greeks and specifically, to Oedipus Rex. Include a consideration about whether human actions are the result of predestination (Fate/Destiny) or free will. What does Sophocles seem to believe on this issue? After reading the passage throughly, I feel that for the ancient Greeks fate was an important aspect to their daily lives it shaped and formed human life. Fate has evolved during the years mainly because for the Greeks it was seen something as an unstoppable force while now in days it has became our destiny. I’ve came to realization that fate was the will of gods. In other words, it was the reality revealed by the oracle at Delphi. Oracles to the ancient Greeks had a significance†¦show more content†¦Oedipus guilt and justice towards this play was very pleasing because he was born with a curse and didn’t recieve what he deserved because of the way he turned out and it’s bad because he isn’t one to blame for in this situation. Jocasta who wasn’t necessarily a main character didn’t show her character in the play until towards the end her justice was that she never thought that the curse would happen as a reality and in complete honesty she didnt deserve it because she didn’t do anything wrong to serve for the punishment of her son becoming the way he became. Laius didn’t deserve what he got because it was honestly a tragedy of him being the one killed by his son. 3. Construct a family tree for the Theban family of Oedipus starting with his great-grandfather and continuing thru to his children. Also, include a â€Å"side-branch† for his adoptive parents. To bein with, an important character who came up a lot in the reading was Lauis. Who happens to be the father of Oedipus, husband of Jocasta, and Grandfather of Eteocles. Not only that, but his role is king of the Thebes. Moreover, Jocasta as mentioned before was the wife of two characters in the reading who happen to be Lauis and her son Oedipus only because he was cursed to marry his mom. She was also mother and grandmother of other characters named Polynices, Ismene, Etocles, and Antigone. But she’s also sisters with Creon. Furthermore, Oedipus is the son of Jocasta and Lauis but also wife ofShow MoreRelated Odepius Rex Demonstrates Success Leads to Folly Essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Oedipus Rex demonstrates that success leads to folly, arrogance and mistakes in behaviour.† Discuss. Oedipus the King is a play that recognises the importance of humility and recompense. Oedipus’ acknowledgement of the Gods’ superiority is evident in his fear of the prophecy coming true, indeed, he flees from Corinth for precisely this reason. But at the same time through Oedipus’ self-blinding (where he â€Å"alone† is responsible for his fate) there is a sense of wilful defiance in the face of theRead MoreA Comparative Tragedy Study of Fatalism and Determinism: Oedipus Rex and Thunderstorm2489 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿A Comparative Tragedy Study of Fatalism and Determinism: Oedipus Rex and The Thunderstorm 1. INTRODUTION The Thunderstorm and Oedipus Rex, the representatives of Chinese and Greek play, both tell tragic stories about incest and unexpected destiny. The two masterpieces reveal much about the literature patterns and philosophical implications of the different cultures. The exploration of the two plays could help further understand the oneness of world literature and the tragedy of unlike cultureRead MoreOedipus The Good Life1455 Words   |  6 Pagescultural values and contexts. Group I: Oedipus - Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles Group II: Socrates in the Apology (written by Plato) Parallels: i. Oedipus and Socrates both yearn/search to seek the truth (mission; desire to do what they believe is right; reputation (Oedipus/honor, honesty – Socrates/just); search for meaning) ii. Question (both question Apollo first –elucidating power that controls our destiny) *Persistence in unveiling the truth (Oedipus) * Provoked feelings of anger and resentmentRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAppendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization

Professional Roles and Values - 7002 Words

Professional Roles and Values Melissa Hurst WGU Professional Roles and Values RUP1 Professional Roles and Values INTRODUCTION Nursing is not just simply going to school and passing the NCLEX. It truly is an experience like no other, filled with lifelong learning that continues far past the classroom. Nurses learn not only from their classroom and clinical experience, but also from past experiences and even our earliest predecessors. Although at times it can be very hectic and challenging, it is equally as fulfilling and rewarding. Nursing qualities include eagerness to learn, a kind and caring attitude, compassion, empathy, integrity, ability to embrace diversity, self-awareness, ability to be a good listener and†¦show more content†¦They help to establish accountability, and foster a voice that speaks to society on behalf of the profession. Nursing characteristics are discussed among the colleagues within the organization. They assist with advocacy for nurse and client needs, help to ensure that a healthy profession is maintained, and even help with establishing trust between the profession and society. Many organizations are geared towards a specialty focus within the profession, such as critical care or neonatal nursing, and help to enhance work within the specialty. The organizations help with educating society, administrators over healthcare, colleagues within the profession, and even those responsible for making policies on issues specific to the profession. The organizations offer a platform for unity, collaboration, networking, and support for the different specialty areas. They also help tackle and address the different issues that may affect nursing including political issues. The organizations have the ability to communicate with their members, which is a great benefit in helping nurses stay informed on the most current issues at hand. Nursing organizations also help with professional development by offering either discounted or free continuing education courses that provide the credits that nurses are required by the Board of Nursing to complete on a yearly basis. The need for nurses to understand and meet the many changes within society, the different cultures, andShow MoreRelatedProfessional Roles and Values2539 Words   |  11 PagesC304 Professional Roles and Values The face of nursing has evolved and changed since it’s inception. Today’s nurse is faced with cultural, ethical and technological issues that didn’t exist even twenty years ago. As such, nurses have had to continuously evolve to continue to provide the quality, selfless care that patients have always relied on them for, and expected, since the very beginning of nursing. From pediatrics to gerontology, nurses are serving a culturally, religiously and financiallyRead MoreProfessional Roles and Values3448 Words   |  14 PagesA. 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Why School Should Pass Out Condoms At High School Students

In this day in time it is not an uncommon sight in my school to see a young girl with a baby bump. Or when you hear of that someone has contracted an STD it is not that surprising. My mom speaks of a time when someone contracted a STD it was handled like a death sentence. Also whenever a young girl became pregnant after she started â€Å"showing† you would not see her until after the baby was delivered. I believe that there are countless factors to why many teens in my Community are more vulnerable to having risky sex, such as the media, lack of activities and peer pressure. I believe that since most teens between the ages of 13-18 are in school for eight hours out of the day five day a week and many parents are at work when they arrive home until late at night that this issue could be addressed at school. So I believe that schools should pass out condoms to high school students. The media glamorizes sex and unknowingly encourages teen pregnancy. I come from a school with the majority are minority and generally we listen to Rap, Hip hop and other sexually explicit music. I feel that this is sending a misleading message to the upcoming generation. Almost 750,000 U.S. teens aged 15–19 become pregnant. At my school in the year of 2012 six high school females became pregnant. Then 2013 school year eleven female students got pregnant. Last year 2014 a staggering twenty-four girl got pregnant six had a miscarriage. This number is alarming. And even though this school has just startedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Teaching No, but Saying Yes1540 Words   |  7 Pagessoon be parents or must now live with an incurable disease. With this information in mind, American public schools need to be teaching middle school and high schools students the importance of safe sex. Many programs focus on the idea of abstinence, refraining from sexual activity until marriage, but t hese programs seem to have little to no effect on our youth. 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World Civilizations Ii Essay - 2469 Words

World Civilizations II Unknown Unknown University World Civilizations II Unknown xxxx x, xxxx How could rational thought and technological development have affected the world’s development in the modern age and the development to where we are today? The Purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how rational thought and technological advancement was the driving force behind the Modern Age. The reader will have some understanding as to how rational thought opened up minds to a new way of thinking that would lead the way for individuals to question society, religion, and government. This paper will also include technological advancements that helped to spread the thoughts of intellectuals and philosophers. By the end of this paper†¦show more content†¦Rational thought is given to all of us it is up to us what we do with it part of that is challenging what we are told and not just rolling over in acceptance of what has been put in front of us. Appling the Enlightenments teachings to how we see the world can help us and future generations to live without turning a blind eye to actions that we know to be wrong. Technological development has come a long way from what it was but has only made it to where it is now due to past acc omplishment from those that came before us. It is only because of what we know from what we have been taught that allows us to grow and move on to the next level of technology. It is because of these reasons that the past technological developments that were made makes this subject modern, because without them we could not be where we are today. How is this subject different to what came before the Modern Age? Before the Modern Age the Enlightenment only existed in the minds of those that would write it, it was because of the Modern Age that allowed for the coming of the Enlightenment. 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Examine Family Diversity and the Life Course Free Essays

Examining Family Diversity and the Life Course Many years ago, Parsons studied families from different type and decided that through structural differentiation, the multifunctional extended family became the nuclear family, and made a point of focusing on this type of family. Marxism also made this mistake, as well as feminism. What these approaches didn’t take into account was that there are many other types of family out there, which is even truer in contempary society. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine Family Diversity and the Life Course or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will attempt to asses the extent of this diversity, and the explanations of it. The first approach I will talk about is the new right. They are a very controversial collective with very right wing ideas. Charles Murray believes that family diversity is a bad thing, and that lone parent families are detrimental to society. 90% of families are patriarchal. He argues that this causes delinquency in young boys, as they have no male role model to aspire to, so they look to the streets to find one instead. This process creates and underclass who are dependant on the welfare state. However, there are people that would disagree. Feminists argue that there is very little evidence that matriarchal lone-parent families cause delinquency, and that actually they are a positive thing because they encourage and portray the growing independence of woman. Another issue the new right have with diversity is that family diversity encourages a dependency culture. They are ague that any type of family that is unstable such as reconstituted families, lone-parent families and cohabiting families present a risk of dependency on the welfare state. This is extremely detrimental to society as the welfare state is a ‘perverse incentive’; it takes money from those who work hard, gives money to those who do nothing, and allows fathers to avoid their duty as breadwinners. The neo-conventional family, a term coined by Chester, takes a slightly different look at diversity. Whereas he agrees that there has certainly been an increase in diversity, he does see this increase as large, or as a bad thing. The nuclear family is still the dominant family type, considering is still account for 56% of families. Most marriages continue till death, ohabitation is just a step before marriage, and births outside marriage have indeed increased, but most of them are jointly registered. He also points out that we can’t presume that all families considered diverse are permanent, and rather we go through a life cycle of families. We live in a nuclear family whilst young, cohabit before marriage, live in a nuclear family after marriag e, then live alone after divorce, with many other steps in-between. Another point he makes, and defines the term neo-conventional with is that many families now have dual earners, where both spouses work. There are some issues with this though. The new right would argue that whereas the nuclear family still accounts for the majority of families, that number is declining and may slip into a minority in coming years. Feminists would say that whereas many families are indeed dual earners now, Chester ignores the emotional and domestic labour that women do. The rapports also have their view on diversity. They disagree with Chester in that diversity is actually very widespread, and also very important unlike the New Right’s perspective. They attempt to define diversity by splitting it into 5 different groups: Organisation diversity which focus on how roles are distributed among the family; some families have joint conjugal roles, whereas some have one wage earner and one domestic labourer. Cultural diversity takes into account ethnic, religious and cultural differences. For example, some the majority of white British households are nuclear, whereas most afro-Caribbean families are single parent. Social class diversity implies that income can affect your family. Middle class families are more likely to interact with their children than working class families. Life-stage diversity. Where we are at in our life course will affect diversity. University students are likely to live in a family at all, whereas those who are in their 30s are more likely to be in a nuclear family. The final factor is generational diversity, which means that generations will affect diversity. Younger generations are more likely to cohabit than older ones. All of the above approaches are modernist perspective. They look at diversity through one lens and attempt to apply a structure to it. An argument against all of the above approaches is post-modernism. This approach believes that we make our own choices about family life and relationships, and that it is wrong to assume that that there is a best family type for society. It tried to look at the family from the perspective of the individual, and relies more on meaning that statistics. Post-modernists would argue that the new right ignore the benefits of diversity, and say that the nuclear family is the best for society, when we need to look at the needs of the individual instead. They would say that Chester ignores the extant of diversity and focus too much on trying to reinforce the nuclear family’s presence. Finally, they would agree with the rappoports that diversity is a good thing, but reprimand them for trying to structure diversity, when it needs to be looked at from each individual’s perspective. Giddens, a post-modernist, argues that contraception had allowed marriage to be more about meaning and love rather that purely about reproduction, and that feminism has led to better job opportunities and education. He says that both of these points have led to greater choice and equality in society. The new right would agree that contraception is a good thing as it has potentially lowered that number of lone-parent families, but would argue that the freedom it brings has undermined the stability of family. Giddens would agree with this, but that this risk is worthwhile if it meets the individuals need, and leads to a purer family. Beck, another post-modernist, builds on the idea of risk in the family. The greater choice we now have has moved us away from tradition in two ways. We now have greater gender equality due to feminism, and a greater individuality because of an increased self interest. The new right would disagree with beck as well, and argue that this increased self interest means that we may put out interests ahead of those who need them more such as children, which can undermine their future. Stacey complied some case studied she carried out on a number of Californian women, and found that there may be another type of family that other sociologists hadn’t noticed yet. Many of these women rejected tradition family values, divorced their husband, and then remarried. This new family is based on the connection between the woman, and the wife of the woman’s ex-husband. They had formed a financial and domestic partnership. Stacey calls this the divorce-extended family. Chester may argue that whereas this may well be going on, than this isn’t a type of family at all and that it’s rather just two nuclear families that have some contact, which would support his view of the nuclear family’s stability. Points from both modernist arguments and post-modernists can be taken into account. It is becoming increasingly apparent that diversity is growing. Whereas the new right believe this is a bad thing, they fail to realise that diversity is actually better in some cases where empty-shell marriages where children are used as scapegoats for their parent’s anger. On the other hand they may have a point, because divorce rate in decreasing, and people are getting married for love more than anything now so the nuclear family seems to be an increasingly stable environment. This occurrence of this stable environment is decreasing though, meaning that Chester’s point may not be as valid as he thinks, and this decrease means that family diversity is increasing which supports the postmodernist view. How to cite Examine Family Diversity and the Life Course, Essay examples

Leonardo Da Vinci as a pioneer in science Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci as a pioneer in science Essay It were  easier for the mature intellect to recover that belief in fairy-tales which is the privilege and joy of childhood, than for any of us to return to a point of view which enlightened men have long since left behind. If our imagination be keen and our sympathy quick, we can perhaps understand what it was that our forerunners believed, but we shall never feel towards it as they felt. There are no dryads in the woods, no naiads in the streams, for us ; the rudely hewn block of wood is no fetish to which we bow ; the story of griffin or vampire does not affright ; the naà ¯ve mediaeval miracle wrought by some pious relic has no power to confirm our faith : in these things we detect at the most an allegory or a hallucination. The race makes certain advances, as a traveller journeys through a strange country by night, without being able to map out its course. Not only are the gates of birth and death wrapped in the mists of lethe, but so too are the thresholds of progress. Only i n the realm of reason, and of morals derived from reason, do all men walk as equals and contemporaries. The mirage of fancy, the fog of superstition, vanish as the sun of reason prevails ; once men regarded them as permanent realities ; now we know that they were evanescent ; herein lies the difference between us and our ancestors,—a difference absolute and unalterable. As we are more learned so are we more sophisticated than our fathers. We hesitate to say of any truth â€Å"This is final,† because finality implies a world bound in adamantine unchangeableness, whereas we perceive that ours is a fluent and unfolding world. This perception, which is coming to be the common property of cultivated  men, even of those who strive most earnestly against it, distinguishes the Modern from the Middle Age. To us, all things are in process of development; to the mediaeval, all things—religion, science, gov- vernment—were fixed. The earth itself was to him the centre of the universe, a fixed point round which the planets, sun, and stars revolved; his religion, formulated long before according to supernatural dictation, might be neither amended, nor put in question. Philosophy was not the exploration of the infinite by finite man, but the exercise of his mind along a clearly defined path which always curved back to the starting-point. Scie nce was a mixture of halftruths and absurdities: the dictum of Aristotle, Ptolemy, or Galen being accepted as infallible, even when plainly contradicted by the experience of every day. Government, in theory at least, was a rigid scheme foreordained from the beginning. I am not concerned to point out what benefit the race derived from that age of formulas ; benefits there were, if only in the knowledge gained that the soul cannot prosper in bondage ; my purpose is to call fresh attention to the contrast between that age and our own, in order that we may measure the magnitude of the achievement of such men as Leonardo da Vinci who broke away from mediaevalism, and who, though surrounded by conditions utterly un- like ours, nevertheless belongs in spirit to our time rather than to his own. That spirit was the spirit of inquiry, the modern spirit; the mediaeval did not inquire, he took for granted. Not only in all those considerations which haunt serious minds—the nature of God, im- mortality, conscience—did he accept without demur the statements handed down to him, but also in purely physical affairs was he un- critical. Read the manual of the medical school of Salerno, and see how hearsay and superstition took the place of observation in the treatment of the simplest form of disease. Read Brunetto Latini’s â€Å"Natural History† and see what fantasies were spread concerning the animal kingdom. One example will illustrate the general attitude of mediaevals towards demonstrating facts : There was an old fable that salamanders can live in the hottest flame. A modern would have put a salamander in the fire and watched the effect; the mediaeval, on the contrary, never thought of applying so simple a  test,—he believed the fable, and gravely repeated it. His habitual attitude was one of credulity. We need not wonder at this. Inquiry presupposes ignorance, a worthy desire to clear away doubts. We do not dispute over the multiplication-table. But to the mediaeval the ultimate mysteries of human destiny were wholly removed from the pale of inquiry; he might not understand the strange scheme of the incarnation, of vicarious atonement, of the resurrection, but he believed it, and believing, he ceased to inquire. He did not doubt the reality of heaven or of purgatory: he was more certain of the existence of hell than of the countries beyond his native mountains. This certainty could not but discourage investigation into the primal mysteries. Moreover, his creed tended to make him despise the material world in which he lived. The Christianity which he professed was a composite of Hebrew, Persian, and pagan beliefs, which had been fitted together at different times. That they were mutually contra- dictory did not trouble him, because he gave a proof of his faith when he believed impossible doctrines ; that they conflicted with the simple, authentic teaching of Christ did not trouble him, because that teaching came to him after councils, doctors, and a hundred popes had stamped their several interpretations upon it. Among the strange doctrines which had wound itself round early Christianity was the Manichaean doctrine that matter is the product of an evil principle, a Devil, who wars perpetually against God, the creator of spirit. This being accepted as true, the part of the devout mediaeval was plain : he strove to eschew the material world as the Devil’s kingdom. This world included, of course, his own body, which he mortified to the glory of God and the discomfiture of Satan. To have allowed his attention to wander to the processes of nature and to have examined into their causes would have been unholy and perilous : unholy, because in so doing he would have given to the works of God’s adversary interest which he ought to consecrate to God alone ; perilous, because the Devil had cunningly sown the world of matter with lures to ensnare the souls of men. And after all what could it profit him to learn all possible knowledge concerning the material world? In God’s world, in heaven, which  he hoped to enter after a brief exile here below, such knowledge would be irrelevant, useless, impious. His body, therefore, was not merely an inert clog to salvation, it was the active ally of the Fiend, who spread before every one of the bodily senses attractions to entice the soul away from the contemplation of God. Pleasure became synonymous with sin ; beauty was the mask of temptation. Only by a strenuous asceticism, a mortification of the senses, and a starving of all mundane desires, could the mediaeval devotee cheat the Devil. What Was the Renaissance Like EssayWhat we do know, however, is that in the fifteenth century a few men began to scrutinise nature, very tentatively at first, and with no premonition of the results which such scrutiny would reach. Foremost among them was Leonardo da Vinci. Other investigators of that century, Copernicus the most conspicuous, have ranked higher than he in the annals of science; but none, as I hope to show, equalled him in scientific endowment. He was disenthralled from mediaeval preconceptions, for he possessed a temperament so purged of theories that in approaching a new fact his sole aim was to discover the true nature of that fact, unbiassed by what others had found in it. His curiosity was insatiable ; his methods were observation and experiment; his advance was from the known to the unknown, whereas the mediaeval, as we have seen, took the unknown for granted, and ceased to inquire. That Leonardo’s achievements  in science and invention should never ha ve had due recognition, is to be attributed in part to their great range—the world remembers longer him who travels farthest in a single direction, than him who travels .far in many; and in part to an accident which buried them for three centuries. Even now we have but an imperfect record of them. Not as a candidate for belated fame—Leonardo’s fame is secure—but as a pioneer of the modern spirit, and as a favorite whom Nature took into her confidence, let us consider him here. The important facts in Leonardo da Vinci’s life can be briefly told. The natural son of a Florentine notary, he was born at the castle of Vinci, on the Arno, between Florence and Pisa, in 1452. Vasari relates stories of his youthful precocity, which often aston- ished his instructors, and of his fondness for music. Being admit- ted early into the studio of Verrocchio, he learned not only painting and sculpture, but also the goldsmith’s art, which, we may remark, had an influence not easily to be computed in giving to the Florentine School of Painting that precision, that loyalty to the line, which distinguish it from the Venetian School. How the young Leonardo painted into one of his masters pictures an angel far beyond Verrocchio’s skill, and how he drew a Gorgon’s head so life-like that it frightened persons who came upon it unawares, need not here be repeated. In 1472 he was already an independent artist, and during the next eight or nine years he worke d in Florence, but to what purpose we can only guess, as almost all the fruits of this period have been lost. In 1480 he addressed a remarkable letter to Lodovico Sforza, tyrant of Milan, asking for employment and laying chief stress on his ability as a military engineer. The letter brought him an invitation to go to Milan, where he was engaged in mechanical and engineering enterprises, in the direction of ducal festivities, and in the construction of a colossal monument to Francesco Sforza, Lodovico’s father. The fresco, â€Å"The Last Supper,† is one of the few remaining authentic works of Leonardo’s brush during his long residence in Lombardy, and no one now can say that a single patch of color in that ruined masterpiece was laid on by him. Indeed, fate, which showered upon Leonardo innumerable gifts, seems to have de- creed that posterity should know his genius by hearsay only, so perversely has fate allowed his works to be lost or mutilated. That colossal statue of Sforza was not yet completed when Louis XII. invaded the Milanese and put an end to the sculptorâ€⠄¢s work there; the great fresco has suffered irreparably from neglect, violence, and restoration; and of the half-score paintings which remain scarcely one gives us a hint of the beauty of its original coloring. In 1500 Leonardo visited Venice and Florence. Two years later he was appointed engineer by Caesar Borgia, who was engaged in a military expedition against those States south of the Po that had not already submitted to his tyranny. During this summer we have glimpses of Leonardo at Urbino, Pesaro, Rimini, Cesena, and Cesenatico, along the Adriatic; at Siena, Chiusi, and Orvieto in the Centre; and at Piombino near the Tuscan Sea. In the following spring he settled at Florence and painted â€Å"The Battle of Anghiari on one wall of the council hall of the Palace of the Signory, while on another wall his young rival, Michael Angelo, painted avast group of â€Å" Soldiers Bathing.† Not a trace of either fresco survives. But Leonardo, never at his ease in Florence, returned to Milan in 1506. Thenceforward, until 1515, he seldom stayed long in anyplace ; till Francis I. came into Italy and induced him to go back to France, where he was assigned a residence at the Chateau Cloux, nea r Am- boise on the Loire, 1516. There he died May 2, 1519, and was buried in the Royal Chapel at Amboise. In person, as in mind, Leonardo lacked no gifts. He excelled in dancing, in fencing, in horsemanship, in lute-playing. Well known anecdotes, chiefly drawn from Vasari’s precious and inex- haustible quarry, illustrate alike his unusual physical strength and his wonderful dexterity. He was genial in temper and kind in heart, and he possessed the rare combination of humor and wit. His interest in man and in nature was many-sided and unflagging; nothing being too vast or too minute for his attentive curiosity. He had the patient inquisitiveness of the specialist who pores over details; he had also the generalising faculty of the philosopher who deduces laws and discovers wider relations. His attitude towards life was, in a word, thoroughly modern and scientific. As little as possible did the past, with its traditions and dogmas, hamper him : to search  out all things, to experiment and verify, to let his own eyes test and reason be the judge—this was Leonardo’s met hod. Leonardo Da Vinci inventions Part Two

Polio Essays - Poliomyelitis, Polio Vaccine, Jonas Salk, Vaccine

Polio Polio runs rampant in countries with very unhealthy sewage practices. Luckily, polio can be isolated from sewage, but anytime unclean water is let into a river, stream, lake, or other water body, it can spread into any unknowing person who uses that water to drink. People in the 30s, 40s and 50s were afraid to swim because of that. Polio after being digested, heads for the cells covering the intestines. There are three main strains of Polio. Two of them only produce a low-grade fever, headache, sore and inflamed throat, nausea, and vomiting. Usually these go unnoticed and have healed in about 72 hours. The third Polio strand is major poliomyelitis. This has two main forms: paralytic and non-paralytic, both of which attack the nervouse system. Non-paralytic causes a moderate fever, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and pain in the neck, back, arms, legs, and stomach. Back, neck, and muscle spasm may also occur. This all will last about one week, while the back pain will be about two weeks. Paralytic polio is a serious threat. After about 5-7 days after a fever, symptoms similar to non-paralytic appear, along with loss of reflexes, urine retention, constipation, and bloating. The extent of paralysis all depends where on the spinal cord the virus is. Medical testing is needed to determine this. Polio is a RNA virus that belongs to the icornavirus family. It is made up of a capsid and is round in shape. Polio control was made possible when, in 1949, John Franklin Enders, an American bacteriologist, and his coworkers discovered a method of growing the three virus strains on tissue in the lab. Using this method, American physician and apidemiologist Jonas Salk developed a vaccine by using inactive, or dead, polio viruses of all three strands. The Vaccine is given through injection. After testing in 1954, the vaccine was pronounced safe and effective, and mass inoculation began. American virologist Albert Sabin later developed another vacine that contained live, but inafective polio strands. The vaccine is given orally. This vaccine was called trivalent oral polio vaccine, or TOPV, and was licensed in 1963 and since then has replaced the Salk injectible vaccine as the standard vaccine for polio. This reduced the number of reported cases from 57,879 in 1952 to now only a few a year. Science Essays